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- Science (L., scientia or scire and Gk., episteme, knowledge) is the systematic knowledge based on facts, observations and experimentations.
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- Galileo Galilei (1564) who pioneered ‘Experimental Scientific Method’ is considered the ‘Father of Science’.
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- On the basis of branches, it occupies, science, which is a broad field of study, is classified into three major branches: natural, abstract, and social science.
1. Natural science, also called basic science is the study of the facts of nature.
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- Based on the nature of study, natural science is further classified into two main branches: physical and biological science.
I. Physical science is thestudy of nonliving beings and natural phenomena governed by a set of laws.
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- The physical science, further, on the basis of property of matter and energy, is classified into four basic branches: physics, chemistry, earth sciences, astronomy.
i. Physics is the study of matter and energy.
ii. Chemistry is the study of theproperty of matter and its interaction with other matter.
iii. Earth sciences is thestudy of the Earth, e.g., geology, metallurgy, meteorology, and so on.
iv. Astronomy is thestudy of everything in the universe beyond Earth’s atmosphere.
| Do you know? Besides the four branches of physical science mentioned above, there may be other branches too. |
II. Biological science, also called life science or biology is the study of living beings.
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- The biological science, further, based on the nature of study, it occupies, is also classified into two basic branches: pure and applied biology.
i. Pure biology isbasic biology with extension of knowledge, e.g., discovery, investigation, research, invention, and so on.
ii. Applied biology is the application of basic knowledge of biology as a technology in the benefit of men in agriculture, forestry, biotechnology, genetic engineering, and so on, e.g., applied botany, applied zoology, etc.
2. Abstract science is the study of relationship of magnitude and numbers, e.g., mathematics and statistics.
3. Social science is the study of social activities of man based on traditions and reasoning, e.g., geography, sociology, anthropology, psychology, economics, archaeology, history, law, linguistics, political science, and so on.
On the basis of nature of study, it occupies, science is further classified into two major branches: pure and applied science.
1. Pure science is the basic science with extension of knowledge, e.g., discovery, investigation, research, invention, and so on.
2. Applied science is theapplication of basic knowledge as a technology in the benefit of men in physics, chemistry, geography, geology, astronomy, meteorology, metallurgy, and so on.